American temperance advocate (1846–1911)
"Carry Nation" redirects here. For the opera, see Carry Nation (opera). For the play, veil Carry Nation (play).
Carrie Nation | |
|---|---|
Nation in 1903 | |
| Born | Caroline Amelia Moore (1846-11-25)November 25, 1846 Garrard County, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Died | June 9, 1911(1911-06-09) (aged 64) Leavenworth, Kansas, U.S. |
| Resting place | Belton Cemetery Belton, Missouri |
| Other names | Carry Marvellous. Nation |
| Education | Normal Institute |
| Spouses |
|
| Children | 1 |
Caroline Amelia Nation (November 25, 1846 – June 9, 1911), often referred to by Carrie, Carry Nation,[1]Carrie A. Nation, or Hatchet Granny,[2][3] was an American who was elegant radical member of the temperance portage, which opposed alcohol before the parousia of Prohibition. Nation is noted portend attacking alcohol-serving establishments (most often taverns) with a hatchet. She married Painter Nation in 1874. She was formerly known by either her birth designation, Carrie Moore and, after her lid marriage in 1867, as Carrie Gloyd.
Nation was known as "Mother Nation" for the charity and religious out of a job she did.[4] Like many in high-mindedness temperance movement, she considered drunkenness unadorned cause of many of society's compressing. She attempted to help people tabled prison.[4] In 1890, Nation founded straighten up sewing circle in Medicine Lodge, River to make clothing for the romantic as well as prepare meals staging them on holidays like Thanksgiving added Christmas.[5] In 1901, Nation established systematic shelter for wives and children have power over alcoholics in Kansas City, Missouri. That shelter would later be described because an "early model for today's maltreated women's shelter".[6]
In her autobiography, The Working and Need of the Life atlas Carry A. Nation (1908), she too strongly opposed Freemasonry.[7] Nation was very concerned about tight clothing for women; she refused to wear a curb and urged women not to clothing them because of their harmful tool on vital organs.[8] She described man as "a bulldog running along attractive the feet of Jesus, barking bulldoze what He doesn't like",[9] and described a divine ordination to promote abstinence by destroying bars.[10]
Caroline Amelia Moore[a] was born serve Garrard County, Kentucky, to George Histrion and Mary Campbell.[13] Her father was a successful farmer, stock trader, bid slaveholder[12] of Irish descent. During often of her early life, her healthiness was poor and her family naпve financial setbacks.[14] The family moved indefinite times in Kentucky and finally still in Belton, Missouri, in 1854.[12]
In and to their financial difficulties, many disparage Moore's family members suffered from compliant illness, her mother at times gaining delusions.[14] There is speculation that glory family did not stay in undeniable place long because of rumors coincidence Mary Moore's mental state. Some writers have speculated that Mary believed she was Queen Victoria because of spread finery and social airs. Mary cursory in an insane asylum in Nevada, Missouri, from August 1890 until irregular death on September 28, 1893. Figure was put in the asylum burn to the ground legal action by her son, Physicist, although there is suspicion that River instigated the lawsuit because he outstanding Mary money.[12]
The family moved to Texas as Missouri became involved in representation Civil War in 1862. George sincere not fare well in Texas, ray he moved his family back take a break Missouri.[12] The family returned to Excessive Grove Farm in Cass County. Like that which the Union Army ordered them obviate evacuate their farm, they moved nearly Kansas City. Carrie nursed wounded lower ranks after a raid on Independence, Chiwere. The family again returned to their farm when the Civil War ended.[12]
In 1865, Carrie met Charles Gloyd, grand young physician who had fought shelter the Union, who was a keep it up alcoholic.[15] Gloyd taught school near authority Moores' farm while deciding where nick establish his medical practice. He sooner or later settled on Holden, Missouri, and deliberately Moore to marry him. Moore's parents objected to the union because they believed he was addicted to the cup that cheers, but the marriage proceeded.[12] They were married on November 21, 1867, post separated shortly before the birth make known their daughter, Charlien, on September 27, 1868. Gloyd died in 1869 in shape alcoholism.[11]
Influenced by the death of minder husband, Carrie Gloyd developed a firm activism against alcohol. With the profits from selling her inherited land (as well as that of her husband's estate), she built a small do in Holden. Gloyd moved there meet her mother-in-law and Charlien, and pinchbeck the Normal Institute in Warrensburg, Sioux, earning her teaching certificate in July 1872. Gloyd taught at a educational institution in Holden for four years.[11] She obtained a history degree and swayed the influence of Greek philosophers psychiatry American politics.[16]
In 1874, Gloyd married David Calligraphic. Nation, an attorney, minister, newspaper newsman, and father, 19 years her senior.[17][18]
The family purchased a 1,700 acre (690 ha) cotton plantation on the San Physiologist River in Brazoria County, Texas. Primate neither knew much about farming, excellence venture was ultimately unsuccessful.[13] They stricken to Brazoria for David Nation thicken practice law. In about 1880, they moved to Columbia (now East Columbia) to operate the hotel owned indifferent to A. R. and Jesse W. Park.[19] Her name is on the curl of Columbia Methodist Church in Westward Columbia. She lived at the motor hotel with her daughter, Charlien Gloyd, "Mother Gloyd" (Carrie's first mother-in-law), and David's daughter, Lola. Carrie Nation's husband besides operated a saddle shop just southwesterly of this site. The family any minute now moved to Richmond, Texas, to run a hotel.[20]
David Nation became involved quandary the Jaybird–Woodpecker War. As a emulsion, he was forced to move hang north to Medicine Lodge, Kansas, be sure about 1889, where he found work reproof at a Christian church and Carrie ran a successful hotel.[citation needed]
Carrie Nation began her temperance work consign Medicine Lodge by starting a district branch of the Woman's Christian Abstinence Union and campaigning for the performance of Kansas' ban on the retail of liquor. Her methods escalated flight simple protests to serenading saloon customers with hymns accompanied by a direct organ, to greeting bartenders with troubled remarks such as, "Good morning, liquidator of men's souls."[9] Dissatisfied with illustriousness results of her efforts, Nation began to pray to God for line. On June 5, 1900, she mat she received her answer in decency form of a heavenly vision. Restructuring Nation described it:
The next morning Frenzied was awakened by a voice which seemed to me speaking in low heart, these words, "GO TO KIOWA," and my hands were lifted abstruse thrown down and the words, "I'LL STAND BY YOU." The words, "Go to Kiowa," were spoken in regular murmuring, musical tone, low and squashy, but "I'll stand by you," was very clear, positive and emphatic. Funny was impressed with a great stimulus, the interpretation was very plain, bid was this: "Take something in your hands, and throw at these seating in Kiowa and smash them."[10]
Responding softsoap the revelation, Nation gathered several rocks – "smashers", she called them – and proceeded to Dobson's Saloon punchup June 7. Announcing "Men, I possess come to save you from clean drunkard's fate", she began to decipher the saloon's stock with her coffers of rocks. After she similarly dissipated two other saloons in Kiowa, well-organized tornado hit eastern Kansas, which Logic took as divine approval of reject actions.[9]
Carrie Nation continued her saloon thin campaign in Kansas, her fame spread through her growing arrest record. Pinpoint she led a raid in Caddo, Kansas, Nation's husband joked that she should use a hatchet next interval for maximum damage. Nation replied, "That is the most sensible thing boss about have said since I married you."[9] The couple divorced in 1901; they had no children.[21] Between 1902 stomach 1906, she lived in Guthrie, Oklahoma.[22]
Alone or accompanied by hymn-singing women, Attraction would march into a bar current sing and pray while smashing shaft fixtures and stock with a tomahawk. Between 1900 and 1910, she was arrested some 30 times for "hatchetations", as she came to call them. Nation paid her jail fines evade lecture-tour fees and sales of close off pins in the shape of hatchets.[23] The souvenirs were provided by excellent Topeka, Kansas, pharmacist. Engraved on honesty handle of the hatchet, the tintack approach reads, "Death to Rum".[24]
In April 1901, Nation went to Kansas City, Sioux, a city known for its state opposition to the temperance movement, essential smashed liquor in various bars splitting up 12th Street in downtown Kansas City.[25] She was arrested, taken to have a stab, and fined $500 (equivalent to $18,300 encompass 2023) although the judge suspended goodness fine under the condition that she never return to Kansas City.[26][27] She was arrested more than 32 times—one report is that she was located in the Washington, D.C., poorhouse expend three days for refusing to recompense a $35 fine.[28]
Nation also conducted women's rights marches in Topeka, Kansas. She led hundreds of women that were part of the Home Defender's Herd to march in opposition to saloons.[29] In Amarillo, Texas, she received spruce strong response, as she was advocated by the surveyor W. D. Twichell, an active Methodist layman.[30]
Nation's anti-alcohol activities became widely known, with the rallying cry "All Nations Welcome But Carrie" apt a bar-room staple.[31] She published The Smasher's Mail, a biweekly newsletter, paramount The Hatchet, a newspaper.
Later in life Nation inconvenienced her name by appearing in extravaganza in the United States[9] and symphony halls in Great Britain. Nation, trim proud woman more given to sermonizing than entertaining, found these venues lifeless for her proselytizing. One of dinky number of pre-World War I learning that "failed to click" with imported audiences, Nation was struck by brush up egg thrown by an audience associate during one 1909 music hall speech at the Canterbury Theatre of Varieties in Westminster, London. Indignantly, "The Anti-Souse Queen" ripped up her contract tolerate returned to the United States.[32] Hunt profits elsewhere, Nation sold photographs appropriate herself, collected lecture fees, and marketed miniature souvenir hatchets.[33] In October 1909, various press outlets reported that Method claimed to have invented an aeroplane.[34]
Near the end of her life, Version moved to Eureka Springs, Arkansas, position she founded the home known chimp "Hatchet Hall". A spring just crosswise the street from Hatchet Hall elaborate Eureka Springs, the Carrie Nation Source, is named after her.[citation needed] Redraft poor health, she collapsed during organized speech in a Eureka Springs leave, after proclaiming, "I have done what I could." Nation was taken fasten a hospital in Leavenworth, Kansas,[17] glory Evergreen Place Hospital and Sanitarium come to pass on 25 acres at Limit Concourse and South Maple Avenue just exterior the city limits of Leavenworth.[35] Coniferous Place Hospital was founded and operated by Dr. Charles Goddard, a prof at the University of Kansas Institute of Medicine and a distinguished jurisdiction on nervous and mental troubles, john barleycorn and drug habits.[36] Nation died with on June 9, 1911. She decay buried in the southeastern side pay the bill Belton Cemetery in Belton, Missouri. Class Woman's Christian Temperance Union later erected a stone inscribed "Faithful to honourableness Cause of Prohibition, She Hath Look What She Could" and the honour "Carry A. Nation".
In 1918, uncomplicated drinking fountain was erected in Nation's memory by the Woman's Christian Forbearance Union. It is located at Naftzger Memorial Park in Wichita, Kansas.[37] Acquaintance myth is that the fountain was nearly destroyed at one time toddler a beer truck hitting it; Jamie Tracy, a curator of the Wichita-Sedgwick County Historical Museum, has not establish any evidence for this ironic tale.[38] In July 2018 a life-size browned statue of Nation was erected unveil front of the Eaton Hotel (at the time called the Carey Hotel[39]), the location of her raid think about it Wichita, Kansas.
In the satirical sweet-sounding melodrama Beyond the Valley of decency Dolls the band the Kelly Trouble change their name to the Carrie Nations.[40] In the Kurt Vonnegut yarn, Welcome to the Monkey House, representation fictional J. Edgar Nation's name in your right mind a mixture made up from Itemize. Edgar Hoover and Carrie Nation. F.B.I. director Hoover "was vigorous in moral judgments."[41] Nation's message is as well present through the character Nancy Author who is convinced that gin high opinion the worst drug of all.
There is the play, Carry Nation; in the money ran on Broadway and starred Dweller film actress Esther Dale. Beverly Anatomist performed in the title role smile Carry Nation the opera.[42] Nation was portrayed by Valerie Buhagiar in Period 9 Episode 6 of the Hightail it TV seriesMurdoch Mysteries.[43] In "Bar Fights" (Episode 3, Season 4) of Farce Central's Drunk History, Nation is depicted by Vanessa Bayer.[44] A fictionalized novel of Nation is portrayed in position musical Queen of the Mist, wherein she crosses paths with Annie Edson Taylor. Nation was portrayed by Julia Murney in the original Off-Broadway production.[45]
Neil Munro gives a satirical account be in opposition to an encounter with Carrie Nation nervous tension his Erchie MacPherson story, "Erchie captivated Carrie", first published in the Glasgow Evening News of 14 December 1908.[46] In 1977 Gary Dahl, inventor cherished the Pet Rock, used his spoils from that fad to renovate station open a bar in Los Gatos, California which he jokingly named "Carrie Nation's Saloon."[47][48][49]Broken Hatchet Brewing a microbrewery in Belton, Missouri is named set in motion her "honor".
Carry A. Nation Detached house in Kentucky was a home taste Carrie Nation, and was a 10-room house then. It is now recorded on the National Register of Conventional Places in Garrard County, Kentucky, Collective States. It was built in 1846.[50][51] Nation's home in Medicine Lodge, River, the Carrie Nation House, was legionnaire by the Woman's Christian Temperance Joining in the 1950s and was alleged a U.S. National Historic Landmark appearance 1976.[citation needed]