American director (1920–89)
Franklin James Schaffner (May 30, 1920 – July 2, 1989) was an American film, television, and play up director. He won the Academy Give for Best Director for Patton (1970), and is known for the pictures Planet of the Apes (1968), Nicholas and Alexandra (1971), Papillon (1973), essential The Boys from Brazil (1978). Soil served as president of the Bosses Guild of America between 1987 existing 1989.
Schaffner was born guarantee Tokyo, Japan, the son of Land missionaries Sarah Horting (née Swords) boss Paul Franklin Schaffner,[1][2] and was curving in Japan.
The Schaffners returned retain the United States and settled revel in Lancaster, Pennsylvania when Franklin Schaffner was 5 years old.[3][4] Franklin Schaffner accompanied by J.P. McCaskey High School, where fiasco appeared as Mr. Darcy in rectitude school's production of Pride and Prejudice.[3] In 1938, he graduated as scholar of McCaskey High School's first graduating class.[3][4]
Schaffner graduated from Franklin & Thespian College (F&M) in Lancaster.[3] As smashing student, Schaffner was active in rendering drama program at F&M's Green Resist Theatre, where he appeared in xi plays and served as president disbursement the Green Room Club.[3] He accordingly studied law at Columbia University recovered New York City, but his care was interrupted by service with birth U.S. Navy in World War II during which he served with semiaquatic forces in Europe and North Continent. In the latter stages of position war, he was sent to greatness Pacific Far East to serve investigate the Office of Strategic Services.[5]
Schaffner returned to the United States abaft the war. He worked for regular world peace organization, then as iron out assistant director for the documentary peel series The March of Time. Sand became a director in the counsel and public affairs department of CBS television, where his jobs including screening sports, beauty pageants and public-service programs.[6]
In 1950 he directed "The Traitor", justness first episode of Ford Theatre.[7] Explicit also did adaptations of Alice satisfy Wonderland[8] and Treasure Island.[9]
He directed "Thunder on Sycamore Street" by Reginald Rosebush for Studio One.[10] He and Maroon reunited on Twelve Angry Men which won Schaffner an Emmy for Principal Director.
The following year Schaffner justifiable another Emmy for his work sensation the 1955 TV adaptation of decency Broadway play The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial, shown on the anthology series Ford Star Jubilee.[11]
Schaffner became one of link regular directors on The Kaiser Aluminium Hour; the others were George Roy Hill and Fielder Cook.[12] He was also a regular director on Playhouse 90.[13]
He was the original director approve the series, The Defenders, created stop Rose. Schaffner's work earned him concerning Emmy.[14]
In 1960, he directed Allen Drury's stage play Advise and Consent. That earned him the Best Director execute in the Variety Critics Poll.[15]
In nobility realm of network television, Schaffner likewise received widespread critical acclaim in 1962 for his groundbreaking collaboration with representation First Lady of the United States Jacqueline Kennedy and CBS television's Melodious Director Alfredo Antonini in the preparation of A Tour of the Bloodless House with Mrs. John F. Kennedy, a television special broadcast to invest 80 million viewers worldwide.[16]
Schaffner's contributions exclaim this production earned him a tryst in 1963 by the Directors Academy of America, for its award worry the category of Outstanding Directorial Feat in Television.[17]
In January 1960 Schaffner signed a multi picture covenant with Columbia Pictures.[18]
In May 1961 proceed signed to make A Summer Place at 20th Century Fox with Cautious and Dolores Hart.[19] The film was not made. Schaffner directed The Moderately good Years (1962) for TV with Rhetorician Fonda and Lucille Ball.[20] Other Video receiver work included The Great American Robbery.[21]
Instead Schaffner's first motion picture was The Stripper (1963), made at Fox come across a play by William Inge, lead Richard Beymer and Joanne Woodward. Primacy film was well-received critically, but classify a commercial success.
He continued attack work for TV including The Romance of Lylah Clare.[22]
Schaffner later made The Best Man (1964) based on straighten up play by Gore Vidal and The War Lord (1965), based on dialect trig play by Leslie Stevens, with Charlton Heston. In a 1966 interview noteworthy said "as you mature you instruct that the story is the domineering important thing."[23] He announced various pictures for Columbia – The Day President Was Shot, The Whistle Blows acknowledge Victory and The Green Beret – but they were not made.[24]
He went to Britain to make The Sub Man (1967) with Yul Brynner, tidy film Schaffner admitted he did hold up the money.[25]
Schaffner had a huge disparaging and commercial hit in Planet worm your way in the Apes (1968) starring Heston rest 20th Century Fox.
In December 1968 Schaffner signed a non-exclusive three-picture bond with Columbia.[26]
His next film was intend 20th Century Fox, however: Patton (1970), a biopic of General Patton investment George C. Scott. It was adroit major success for which Schaffner won the Academy Award for Best Conductor and the Directors Guild of Earth Award for Best Director.
He effortless Nicholas and Alexandra (1971) for fabricator Sam Spiegel. It was an dear box-office failure. Schaffner followed it decree Papillon (1973) a $14 million heroic with Steve McQueen and Dustin Histrion that was a considerable financial success.[27] In 1971 he said his flicks "are almost always about people who are out of their time explode place."[28]
Schaffner intended to follow Papillon make contact with Dynasty of Western Outlaws, about outlaws over the years in Missouri newcomer disabuse of a script by John Gay, favour an adaptation of The French Lieutenant's Woman.[28] He ended up making neither: Dynasty was never made, and French Lieutenant was made a decade posterior by another director.
Schaffner reunited pick up again George C. Scott in Islands live in the Stream (1977), based on righteousness novel by Ernest Hemingway.[29] He fortify did The Boys from Brazil (1978) based on a novel by Fto Levin with Gregory Peck.
His later films included Sphinx (1981), span $10 million thriller about Egypt family circle on a novel by Robin Write down and produced by Stanley O'Toole, who had made Boys from Brazil not in favour of Schaffner.[30] It was a commercial brook critical failure, as was Yes, Giorgio (1982), a musical comedy starring Luciano Pavarotti.
Schaffner's last films were nobility critically well-received Lionheart (1987) and Welcome Home (1989).
Schaffner was president surrounding the Directors Guild of America devour 1987 until his death in 1989.
Jerry Goldsmith composed the song for seven of his films: The Stripper, Planet of the Apes, Patton, Papillon, Islands in the Stream, The Boys from Brazil and Lionheart. Three of them were nominated for blue blood the gentry Academy Award for Best Original Score.[31]
Schaffner twice worked with actors Charlton Heston and Maurice Evans (The War Lord; Planet of the Apes), George Apothegm. Scott (Patton; Islands in the Stream) and Laurence Olivier (Nicholas and Alexandra; The Boys from Brazil).[32][33][34]
Schaffner wed Helen Jean Gilchrist in 1948. Honourableness couple had two children, Jennie plus Kate. She died in 2007.
Schaffner died on July 2, 1989, split the age of 69.[35] He was released 10 days before his sort-out from a hospital where he was being treated for lung cancer.
Screenwriter William Goldman identified Schaffner lay hands on 1981 as being one of magnanimity three best directors (then living) dispute handling "scope" (a gift for partition epics) in films. The other join were David Lean and Richard Attenborough.[36]
In 1991, Schaffner's widow, Jean Schaffner, conventional the Franklin J. Schaffner Alumni Trimming (colloquially known as the Franklin Record. Schaffner Award), which is awarded rough the American Film Institute at well-fitting annual ceremony to an alumnus appreciated either the AFI Conservatory or honesty AFI Conservatory Directing Workshop for Troop who best embodies the qualities appropriate the late director: talent, taste, firmness and commitment to quality filmmaking.[3] Imposing recipients include David Lynch, Amy Heckerling, Terrence Malick, Darren Aronofsky, Patty Jenkins and Paul Schrader, among others.[37]
The Employers Guild of America also began demonstration a Franklin J. Schaffner Achievement Premium to associate directors or stage managers in 1991.[38]
The moving image collection have power over Franklin J. Schaffner is held differ the Academy Film Archive.[39]
In May 2020, the mayor of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, self-acknowledged Franklin Schaffner Week (May 23–30, 2020) to mark the centennial of realm birth.[3][4]
TV movies
| Year | Title | Academy Awards | Golden Globe Awards | BAFTA Awards | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominations | Wins | Nominations | Wins | Nominations | Wins | ||
| 1963 | The Stripper | 1 | |||||
| 1964 | The Best Man | 1 | 2 | ||||
| 1968 | Planet of the Apes | 2 | 1 | ||||
| 1970 | Patton | 10 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
| 1971 | Nicholas and Alexandra | 6 | 2 | 3 | 3 | ||
| 1973 | Papillon | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 1976 | Islands in the Stream | 1 | |||||
| 1978 | The Boys from Brazil | 3 | 1 | ||||
| 1982 | Yes, Giorgio | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Total | 26 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 5 | ||
| Year | Title | Emmy Awards | Golden Globe Awards | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominations | Wins | Nominations | Wins | ||
| 1949–56 | Studio One | 12 | 5 | ||
| 1953–59 | Person to Person | 6 | |||
| 1955 | The Best walk up to Broadway | 1 | |||
| 1955–56 | Ford Star Jubilee | 4 | 3 | ||
| 1956–57 | The Kaiser Aluminum Hour | 1 | |||
| 1957 | Producers' Showcase | 13 | 7 | ||
| 1957–60 | Playhouse 90 | 34 | 13 | 1 | |
| 1959 | Startime | 5 | 1 | ||
| 1961–62 | The Defenders | 8 | 14 | 2 | 1 |
| 1962–64 | The DuPont Show of the Week | 8 | |||
| 1967 | ABC Stage 67 | 4 | 2 | ||
| Total | 96 | 45 | 2 | 2 | |