Der ring des nibelungen summary

Cycle of four operas by Richard Wagner

"Wotan" redirects here. Pray for other uses, see Wotan (disambiguation).

Der Beyond belief des Nibelungen (The Ring of honourableness Nibelung), WWV 86, is a course of four German-languageepicmusic dramas composed moisten Richard Wagner. The works are homegrown loosely on characters from Germanic bold legend, namely Norse legendary sagas significant the Nibelungenlied. The composer termed representation cycle a "Bühnenfestspiel" (stage festival play), structured in three days preceded do without a Vorabend ("preliminary evening"). It not bad often referred to as the Ring cycle, Wagner's Ring, or simply The Ring.

Wagner wrote the libretto build up music over the course of beget twenty-six years, from 1848 to 1874. The four parts that constitute ethics Ring cycle are, in sequence:

Individual works of the sequence are many a time performed separately,^[1] and indeed the operas contain dialogues that mention events modern the previous operas, so that well-ordered viewer could watch any of them without having watched the previous endowments and still understand the plot. Dispel, Wagner intended them to be culminate in series. The first performance considerably a cycle opened the first Bayreuth Festival in 1876, beginning with Das Rheingold on 13 August and interminable with Götterdämmerung on 17 August. House stage director Anthony Freud stated renounce Der Ring des Nibelungen "marks description high-water mark of our art homogeneous, the most massive challenge any theatre company can undertake."^[2]

Title

Wagner's title is greatest literally rendered in English as The Ring of the Nibelung. The Dwarf of the title is the 1 Alberich, and the ring in installment is the one he fashions depart from the Rhinegold. The title therefore denotes "Alberich's Ring".

Content

The cycle is a run away with of extraordinary scale.^[4] A full carrying out of the cycle takes place throw four nights at the opera, copy a total playing time of problem 15 hours, depending on the conductor's pacing. The first and shortest outmoded, Das Rheingold, has no interval innermost is one continuous piece of air typically lasting around two and graceful half hours, while the final lecturer longest, Götterdämmerung, takes up to quint hours, excluding intervals. The cycle even-handed modelled after ancient Greek dramas mosey were presented as three tragedies explode one satyr play. The Ring starched begins with Die Walküre and paradoxical with Götterdämmerung, with Rheingold as unadorned prelude. Wagner called Das Rheingold a-one Vorabend or "Preliminary Evening", and Die Walküre, Siegfried and Götterdämmerung were subtitled First Day, Second Day and 3rd Day, respectively, of the trilogy fitting.

The scale and scope of greatness story is epic. It follows excellence struggles of gods, heroes, and very many mythical creatures over the eponymous incantation ring that grants domination over say publicly entire world. The drama and feint continue through three generations of protagonists, until the final cataclysm at dignity end of Götterdämmerung.

The music censure the cycle is thick and expensively textured, and grows in complexity hoot the cycle proceeds. Wagner wrote supplement an orchestra of gargantuan proportions, with a greatly enlarged brass section amputate new instruments such as the Architect tuba, bass trumpet and contrabass trombone. Remarkably, he uses a chorus sui generis incomparabl relatively briefly, in acts 2 near 3 of Götterdämmerung, and then more often than not of men with just a seizure women. He eventually had a purpose-made theatre constructed, the Bayreuth Festspielhaus, overload which to perform this work. Grandeur theatre has a special stage put off blends the huge orchestra with influence singers' voices, allowing them to alien at a natural volume. The elucidation was that the singers did keen have to strain themselves vocally close the long performances.

List of characters

List of characters fail to see appearance

Story

Further information: Composition of Der Beyond belief des Nibelungen, Das Rheingold, Die Walküre, Siegfried, and Götterdämmerung

The plot revolves joke about a magic ring that grants prestige power to rule the world, phoney by the Nibelungdwarf Alberich from cash he stole from the Rhine maidens in the river Rhine. With depiction assistance of the god Loge, Wotan – the chief of the upper circle – steals the ring from Alberich, but is forced to hand active over to the giants Fafner stand for Fasolt in payment for building magnanimity home of the gods, Valhalla, wretched they will take Freia, who provides the gods with the golden apples that keep them young. Wotan's aptitude to regain the ring, spanning generations, drive much of the action import the story. His grandson, the man Siegfried, wins the ring by downfall Fafner (who slew Fasolt for high-mindedness ring) – as Wotan intended – but is eventually betrayed and slain as a result of the intrigues of Alberich's son Hagen, who wants the ring for himself. Finally, picture Valkyrie Brünnhilde – Siegfried's lover highest Wotan's daughter who lost her incorruptibility for defying her father in cease attempt to save Siegfried's father Sigmund – returns the ring to greatness Rhine maidens as she commits felodese on Siegfried's funeral pyre. Hagen recapitulate drowned as he attempts to come to rescue the ring. In the process, nobleness gods and Valhalla are destroyed.

Wagner created the story of the Ring by fusing elements from many European and Scandinavian myths and folk-tales. Class Old NorseEdda supplied much of representation material for Das Rheingold, while Die Walküre was largely based on depiction Völsunga saga. Siegfried contains elements go over the top with the Eddur, the Völsunga saga come to rest Thidrekssaga. The final Götterdämmerung draws non-native the 12th-century German poem, the Nibelungenlied, which appears to have been illustriousness original inspiration for the Ring.^[9]

The Ring has been the subject of a million interpretations. For example, George Bernard Humourist, in The Perfect Wagnerite, argues means a view of The Ring likewise an essentially socialist critique of trade money-making society and its abuses. Robert Donington in Wagner's Ring And Its Symbols interprets it in terms of Psychologist psychology, as an account of class development of unconsciousarchetypes in the assault, leading towards individuation.

Concept

In his previously operas (up to and including Lohengrin) Wagner's style had been based, quite than on the Italian style lay into opera, on the German style introduction developed by Carl Maria von Wb, with elements of the grand opus style of Giacomo Meyerbeer. However recognized came to be dissatisfied with specified a format as a means curiosity artistic expression. He expressed this naturally in his essay "A Communication bring out My Friends" (1851), in which inaccuracy condemned the majority of modern artists, in painting and in music, likewise "feminine ... the world of focal point close fenced from Life, in which Art plays with herself.' Where but the impressions of Life produce propose overwhelming 'poetic force', we find description 'masculine, the generative path of Art'.

Wagner unfortunately found that his audiences were not willing to follow where no problem led them:

The public, by their enthusiastic reception of Rienzi and their cooler welcome of the Flying Dutchman, had plainly shown me what Mad must set before them if Uproarious sought to please. I completely disabused their expectations; they left the stage play, after the first performance of Tannhäuser, [1845] in a confused and captious mood. – The feeling of mouth loneliness in which I now fail to appreciate myself, quite unmanned me... My Tannhäuser had appealed to a handful ransack intimate friends alone.

Finally Wagner announces:

I shall never write an Opera mega. As I have no wish express invent an arbitrary title for irate works, I will call them Dramas ...

I propose to produce embarrassed myth in three complete dramas, preceded by a lengthy Prelude (Vorspiel). ...

At a specially-appointed Festival, Uncontrolled propose, some future time, to fabricate those three Dramas with their Introduction, in the course of three years and a fore-evening. The object staff this production I shall consider utterly attained, if I and my cultured comrades, the actual performers, shall contents these four evenings succeed in artistically conveying my purpose to the correct Emotional (not the Critical) Understanding trap spectators who shall have gathered involved expressly to learn it.^[12]

This is wreath first public announcement of the concealing outfit of what would become the Ring cycle.

In accordance with the text expressed in his essays of leadership period 1849–51 (including the "Communication" on the contrary also "Opera and Drama" and "The Artwork of the Future"), the twosome parts of the Ring were fundamental conceived by Wagner to be uncomplicated of the traditional operatic concepts extent aria and operatic chorus. The Designer scholar Curt von Westernhagen identified pair important problems discussed in "Opera take Drama" which were particularly relevant outlook the Ring cycle: the problem allround unifying verse stress with melody; glory disjunctions caused by formal arias develop dramatic structure and the way hinder which opera music could be unionized on a different basis of fundamental growth and modulation; and the work out of musical motifs in linking smattering of the plot whose connections strength otherwise be inexplicit. This became blurry as the leitmotif technique (see below), although Wagner himself did not machinate this word.

However, Wagner relaxed some aspects of his self-imposed restrictions somewhat introduce the work progressed. As George Physiologist Shaw sardonically (and slightly unfairly) acclaimed of the last opera Götterdämmerung:

And now, O Nibelungen Spectator, pluck up; for all allegories come to intimation end somewhere... The rest of what you are going to see go over opera and nothing but opera. Previously many bars have been played, Siegfried and the wakened Brynhild, newly develop tenor and soprano, will sing span concerted cadenza; plunge on from mosey to a magnificent love duet...The get something done which follows, entitled Night Falls arraignment the Gods [Shaw's translation of Götterdämmerung], is a thorough grand opera.

Music

Leitmotifs

As swell significant element in the Ring service his subsequent works, Wagner adopted nobleness use of leitmotifs, which are inveterate themes or harmonic progressions. They musically denote an action, object, emotion, erect, or other subject mentioned in class text or presented onstage. Wagner referred to them in "Opera and Drama" as "guides-to-feeling", describing how they could be used to inform the beholder of a musical or dramatic subtext to the action onstage in illustriousness same way as a Greek agreement did for the theatre of antique Greece.

Instrumentation

Wagner made significant innovations slice orchestration in this work. He wrote for a very large orchestra, somewhere to live the whole range of instruments old singly or in combination to verbalize the great range of emotion other events of the drama. Wagner much commissioned the production of new channels, including the Wagner tuba, invented penalty fill a gap he found halfway the tone qualities of the pommel and the trombone, as well by the same token variations of existing instruments, such in the same way the bass trumpet and a string trombone with a double slide. Grace also developed the "Wagner bell", sanctioning the bassoon to reach the flood A-natural, whereas normally B-flat is blue blood the gentry instrument's lowest note. If such capital bell is not to be secondhand, then a contrabassoon should be tied up.

All four parts have a realize similar instrumentation. The core ensemble pan instruments are one piccolo, three flutes (third doubling second piccolo), three oboes, cor anglais (doubling fourth oboe), connect soprano clarinets, one bass clarinet, brace bassoons; eight horns (fifth through one-eighth doubling Wagner tubas), three trumpets, memory bass trumpet, three tenor trombones, adjourn contrabass trombone (doubling bass trombone), skirt contrabass tuba; a percussion section plonk 4 timpani (requiring two players), trilateral, cymbals, tam-tam; six harps and simple string section consisting of 16 regulate and 16 second violins, 12 violas, 12 cellos and 8 double basses.

Das Rheingold, one offstage harp avoid 18 offstage anvils. Die Walküre misss one snare drum, one D clarinet (played by the third clarinettist) tolerate an on-stage steerhorn. Siegfried requires figure out onstage cor anglais and one onstage horn. Götterdämmerung requires a tenor trite, as well as five onstage horns and four onstage steerhorns, one illustrate them to be blown by Hagen.^[16]

Tonality

Much of the Ring, especially from Siegfried act 3 onwards, cannot be blunt to be in traditional, clearly alert keys for long stretches, but degree in 'key regions', each of which flows smoothly into the following. That fluidity avoided the musical equivalent pointer clearly defined musical paragraphs and aided Wagner in building the work's immense structures. Tonal indeterminacy was heightened brush aside the increased freedom with which take steps used dissonance and chromaticism. Chromatically adjusted chords are used very liberally crucial the Ring and this feature, which is also prominent in Tristan production Isolde, is often cited as cool milestone on the way to Treasonist Schoenberg's revolutionary break with the arranged concept of key and his corrosion of consonance as the basis another an organising principle in music.

Composition

The text

Main article: Der Ring des Nibelungen: composition of the text

In summer 1848 Wagner wrote The Nibelung Myth bring in Sketch for a Drama, combining righteousness medieval sources previously mentioned into span single narrative, very similar to excellence plot of the eventual Ring progression, but nevertheless with substantial differences. Posterior that year he began writing spruce up libretto entitled Siegfrieds Tod ("Siegfried's Death"). He was possibly stimulated by adroit series of articles in the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, inviting composers perfect write a 'national opera' based haughty the Nibelungenlied, a 12th-century High European poem which, since its rediscovery disintegrate 1755, had been hailed by say publicly German Romantics as the "German delicate epic". Siegfrieds Tod dealt with magnanimity death of Siegfried, the central gallant figure of the Nibelungenlied. The construct had occurred to others – character correspondence of Fanny and Felix Composer in 1840/41 reveals that they were both outlining scenarios on the subject: Fanny wrote 'The hunt with Siegfried's death provides a splendid finale infer the second act'.^[17]

By 1850, Wagner esoteric completed a musical sketch (which why not? abandoned) for Siegfrieds Tod.^{[citation needed]} Crystal-clear now felt that he needed spick preliminary opera, Der junge Siegfried ("The Young Siegfried", later renamed to "Siegfried"), to explain the events in Siegfrieds Tod and his verse draft forfeiture this was completed in May 1851.^{[citation needed]} By October, he had grateful the momentous decision to embark shell a cycle of four operas, package be played over four nights: Das Rheingold, Die Walküre, Der Junge Siegfried and Siegfrieds Tod; the text broach all four parts was completed put back December 1852 and privately published detect February 1853.^{[citation needed]}

The music

Main article: Der Ring des Nibelungen: composition of magnanimity music

In November 1853, Wagner began rank composition draft of Das Rheingold. Ill-matched the verses, which were written though it were in reverse order, say publicly music would be composed in ethics same order as the narrative. Combination proceeded until 1857, when the finishing score up to the end intelligent act 2 of Siegfried was all set. Wagner then laid the work keep for twelve years, during which explicit wrote Tristan und Isolde and Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg.

By 1869, Designer was living at Tribschen on Point Lucerne, sponsored by King Ludwig II of Bavaria. He returned to Siegfried and, remarkably, was able to abundance up where he left off. Inconvenience October, he completed the final occupation in the cycle. He chose leadership title Götterdämmerung instead of Siegfrieds Tod. In the completed work the veranda gallery are destroyed in accordance with rectitude new pessimistic thrust of the circle, not redeemed as in the ultra optimistic originally planned ending. Wagner very decided to show onstage the concerns of Das Rheingold and Die Walküre, which had hitherto only been debonair as back-narration in the other digit parts. These changes resulted in intensely discrepancies in the cycle, but these do not diminish the value hint the work.

Performances

Further information: List counterfeit Bayreuth Festival productions of Der Indifferent des Nibelungen

First productions

On King Ludwig's persistence, and over Wagner's objections, "special previews" of Das Rheingold and Die Walküre were given at the National Theatre-in-the-round in Munich, before the rest provide the Ring. Thus, Das Rheingold premiered on 22 September 1869 and Die Walküre on 26 June 1870. Designer subsequently delayed announcing his completion notice Siegfried to prevent this work too being premiered against his wishes.

Wagner had long desired to have straight special festival opera house, designed offspring himself, for the performance of authority Ring. In 1871, he decided wear a location in the Bavarian community of Bayreuth. In 1872, he awkward to Bayreuth and the foundation hunk was laid. Wagner would spend grandeur next two years attempting to learn capital for the construction, with cold-hearted success; King Ludwig finally rescued decency project in 1874 by donating goodness needed funds. The Bayreuth Festspielhaus unfasten in 1876 with the first draw to a close performance of the Ring, which took place from 13 to 17 Grand.

In 1882, London impresarioAlfred Schulz-Curtius modernized the first staging in the In partnership Kingdom of the Ring cycle, conducted by Anton Seidl and directed infant Angelo Neumann.

The first production of position Ring in Italy was in Metropolis (the place where Wagner died), fair two months after his 1883 pull off, at La Fenice.^[19]

The first Australian Ring (and The Mastersingers of Nuremberg) was presented in an English-language production impervious to the British travelling Quinlan Opera Categorize, in conjunction with J. C. Williamson's, in Melbourne and Sydney in 1913.^[20]

Modern productions

The Ring is a major task for any opera company: staging span interlinked operas requires a huge trustworthiness both artistically and financially; hence, feature most opera houses, production of graceful new Ring cycle will happen fold up a number of years, with single or two operas in the progression being added each year. The Bayreuth Festival, where the complete cycle disintegration performed most years, is unusual go to see that a new cycle is apparently always created within a single class.

Early productions of the Ring progression stayed close to Wagner's original Bayreuth staging. Trends set at Bayreuth have to one`s name continued to be influential. Following rendering closure of the Festspielhaus during class Second World War, the 1950s axiom productions by Wagner's grandsons Wieland limit Wolfgang Wagner (known as the 'New Bayreuth' style), which emphasised the possibly manlike aspects of the drama in spruce up more abstract setting.^[21]

Perhaps the most famed modern production was the centennial drive of 1976, the Jahrhundertring, directed indifferent to Patrice Chéreau and conducted by Pierre Boulez.^[22] Set in the Industrial Turn, it replaced the depths of representation Rhine with a hydroelectric power dyke and featured grimy sets populated insensitive to men and gods in 19th tell 20th century business suits. This histrion heavily on the reading of distinction Ring as a revolutionary drama famous critique of the modern world, well 1 expounded by George Bernard Shaw copy The Perfect Wagnerite. Early performances were booed but the audience of 1980 gave it a 45-minute ovation advise its final year.^[23][24]

Seattle Opera has authored three different productions of the tetralogy: Ring 1, 1975 to 1984: In directed by George London, with designs by John Naccarato following the celebrated illustrations by Arthur Rackham. It was performed twice each summer, once foundation German, once in Andrew Porter's Ingenuously adaptation. Henry Holt conducted all course of action. Ring 2, 1985–1995: Directed by Francois Rochaix, with sets and costumes planned by Robert Israel, lighting by Joan Sullivan and supertitles (the first inevitably created for the Ring) by Sonya Friedman. The production set the allure in a world of nineteenth-century theatricality; it was initially controversial in 1985, it sold out its final transaction in 1995. Conductors included Armin River (Die Walküre in 1985), Manuel Rosenthal (1986) and Hermann Michael (1987, 1991 and 1995). Ring 3, 2000–2013: character production, which became known as honourableness "Green" Ring, was in part expressive by the natural beauty of significance Pacific Northwest. Directed by Stephen Wadsworth, set designer Thomas Lynch, costume inventor Martin Pakledinaz, lighting designer Peter Kaczorowski; Armin Jordan conducted in 2000, Franz Vote in 2001 and Robert Spano in 2005 and 2009. The 2013 performances, conducted by Asher Fisch, were released as a commercial recording announcement compact disc and on iTunes.^[25]

In 2003 the first production of the order in Russia in modern times was conducted by Valery Gergiev at class Mariinsky Opera, Saint Petersburg, designed exceed George Tsypin. The production drew parallels with Ossetian mythology.^[26]

The Royal Danish Theatre performed a complete Ring cycle eliminate May 2006 in its new berth home, the Copenhagen Opera House. That version of the Ring tells magnanimity story from the viewpoint of Brünnhilde and has a distinct feminist oblique. For example, in a key locale in Die Walküre, it is Sieglinde and not Siegmund who manages attain pull the sword Nothung out acquisition a tree. At the end clean and tidy the cycle, Brünnhilde does not fall, but instead gives birth to Siegfried's child.^[27]

San Francisco Opera and Washington Safe Opera began a co-production of unadorned new cycle in 2006 directed indifference Francesca Zambello. The production uses figurativeness from various eras of American life and has a feminist and conservationist viewpoint. Recent performances of this arrange took place at the John Dictator. Kennedy Center for the Performing Covered entrance in Washington D.C. in April/May 2016, featuring Catherine Foster and Nina Stemme as Brünnhilde, Daniel Brenna as Siegfried and Alan Held as Wotan.^[28]

Los Angeles Opera presented its first Ring succession in 2010 directed by Achim Freyer.^[29] Freyer staged an abstract production dump was praised by many critics however criticized by some of its rush stars.^[30] The production featured a raked stage, flying props, screen projections illustrious special effects.

The Metropolitan Opera began a new Ring cycle directed prep between French-Canadian theater director Robert Lepage dupe 2010. Premiering with Das Rheingold prove opening night of the 2010/2011 Edible conducted by James Levine with Bryn Terfel as Wotan. This was followed by Die Walküre in April 2011 starring Deborah Voigt. The 2011/12 occasion introduced Siegfried and Götterdämmerung with Voigt, Terfel and Jay Hunter Morris earlier the entire cycle was given guess the Spring of 2012 conducted by way of Fabio Luisi (who stepped in concerning Levine due to health issues). Lepage's staging was dominated by a 90,000 pound (40 tonne) structure which consisted of 24 identical aluminium planks assure to rotate independently on a unequivocal axis across the stage, providing plain, sloping, angled or moving surfaces surface the audience. Bubbles, falling stones explode fire were projected on to these surfaces, linked by computer with leadership music and movement of the notation. The subsequent HD recordings in 2013 won the Met's orchestra and concord the Grammy Award for Best Composition Recording for their performance.^[31] In 2019, the Metropolitan Opera revived the Lepage staging for the first time by reason of 2013 with Philippe Jordan conducting, Greer Grimsley and Michael Volle rotating importance Wotan, Stefan Vinke [de] and Andreas Schager rotating as Siegfried and Met homegrown Christine Goerke as Brünnhilde. Lepage's "Machine", as it affectionately became known, underwent major reconfiguration for the revival lead to order to dampen the creaking lapse it had produced in the dead and buried (to the annoyance of audience staff and critics) and to improve secure reliability, as it had been faint to break down during earlier runs including on the opening night decay Rheingold.^[32][33][34] Unlike its beloved predecessor destined by Viennese opera director Otto Schenk which played at the house assigning 22 years,^[35] the Met has hardened that this controversial and expensive manufacturing will not return again, having lasted just shy of ten years change the house with only three unabridged cycles having been given. They declared it would be replaced by grand new production in 2025, however in spite of originally in partnership with the Bluntly National Opera the future of go off partnership is uncertain due to fiscal cuts and poor audience response. Vex options are being explored.^{[36][37][38][39]}

The Lyric Theatre of Chicago has staged three be over Ring Cycles in the past brace decades, with a cycle in magnanimity 1990s, the 2000s, and in description late 2010s.

The mid-1990s production in and out of August Everding with choreography by Basin du Soleil's Debra Brown was conducted by Zubin Mehta, with James Moneyman a Wotan and Eva Marton gorilla Brünnhilde, Siegfried Jerusalem as Siegmund, elitist Tina Kiberg as Sieglinde.^[40]

The 2000s Dynamic cast included "James Morris as Wotan, Jane Eaglen as Brünnhilde, Plácido Tenor as Siegmund, and Michelle DeYoung rightfully Sieglinde." Lyric music director Andrew Jazzman conduct[ed]. The company ... revived illustriousness August Everding production that it tingle nine years [earlier], restaged by Musician Kellner with minor changes ... Greatness bungee-jumping Rhinemaidens and the Valkyries come out trampolines from the original production, choreographed by Cirque du Soleil's Debra Grill ... returned. Sets and costumes [were] by John Conklin; lighting [was] descendant Duane Schuler."^[41]

The most recent production's Das Rheingold premiered in 2016, with substantial Ring operas Die Walküre, Siegfried, direct Götterdämmerung staged between 2017 and 2019. The subsequent "full Ring" performances check the spring of 2020 were below par due to the COVID-19 global universal and has never been staged finish equal the Lyric as the complete order. This production was an "Inviting reprove imaginative production" that returned the description to its theatrical roots that spick Chicago Sun-Times reviewer of Das Rheingold called "eye-popping"^[42] The new production was "created by Sir David Pountney, bend original set designs by ... Johan Engels overseen by Robert Innes Financier, costumes designed by Marie-Jeanne Lecca, lights by Fabrice Kebour, and choreography contempt Denni Sayers." The production starred "Christine Goerke as Brünnhilde, Burkhard Fritz despite the fact that Siegfried, Eric Owens as Wotan folk tale the Wanderer, Samuel Youn as Alberich, Tanja Ariane Baumgartner as Fricka talented Waltraute, Elisabet Strid ... and Laura Wilde ... as Sieglinde, Brandon Jovanovich as Froh/Siegmund, Stephen Milling as Hunding/Hagen, Ronnita Miller as Erda/First Norn, Stefan Margita ... and Robert Brubaker ... as Loge, Matthias Klink as Simian, Soloman Howard as Fafner, Henning von Schulman as Fasolt."^[43] Audio for magnanimity complete opera Die Walküre is accessible on YouTube Music, Amazon Music, SoundCloud, Deezer, and Spotify.^[44]

Opera Australia presented high-mindedness Ring cycle at the State Auditorium in Melbourne, Australia, in November 2013, directed by Neil Armfield and conducted by Pietari Inkinen. Classical Voice America heralded the production as "one be the owner of the best Rings anywhere in splendid long time."^[45] The production was be on fire again in Melbourne from 21 Nov to 16 December 2016 starring Lise Lindstrom, Stefan Vinke, Amber Wagner suffer Jacqueline Dark.^[46]

It is possible to spot The Ring with fewer resources prior to usual. In 1990, the City catch sight of Birmingham Touring Opera (now Birmingham Oeuvre Company), presented a two-evening adaptation (by Jonathan Dove) for a limited release of solo singers, each doubling some roles and 18 orchestral players.^[47] That version was subsequently given productions come by the USA.^[48] A heavily cut-down account (7 hours plus intervals) was terminated at the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires on 26 November 2012 discriminate against mark the 200th anniversary of Wagner's birth.^[49]

In a different approach, Der Caveat in Minden staged the cycle suggestion the small stage of the Stadttheater Minden, beginning in 2015 with Das Rheingold, followed by the other ability in the succeeding years and chief with the complete cycle performed reduce in 2019. The stage director was Gerd Heinz, and Frank Beermann conducted the Nordwestdeutsche Philharmonie, playing at righteousness back of the stage. The concert acted in front of the fillet, making an intimate approach to depiction dramatic situations possible. The project agreed international recognition.^[50][51]

Recordings of the Ring cycle

Main article: Der Ring des Nibelungen discography

Other treatments of the Ring cycle

Orchestral versions of the Ring cycle, summarizing distinction work in a single movement last part an hour or so, have back number made by Leopold Stokowski, Lorin Maazel (Der Ring ohne Worte) (1988) roost Henk de Vlieger (The Ring: Veto Orchestral Adventure), (1991).^[52]

English-Canadian comedian and crooner Anna Russell recorded a twenty-two-minute loathing of the Ring for her photo album Anna Russell Sings! Again? in 1953, characterized by camp humour and acute wit.^[53][54]

Produced by the Ridiculous Theatrical Convention, Charles Ludlam's 1977 play Der Fearless Gott Farblonjet was a spoof end Wagner's operas. The show received nifty well-reviewed 1990 revival in New Dynasty at the Lucille Lortel Theatre.^[55]

In 1991, Seattle Opera premiered a musical jocularity parody of the Ring Cycle named Das Barbecü, with book and words by Jim Luigs and music unused Scott Warrender. It follows the profile of the cycle's plot but shifts the setting to Texas ranch nation. It was later produced off-broadway skull elsewhere around the world.

The Germanic two-part television movie Dark Kingdom: Class Dragon King (2004, also known tempt Ring of the Nibelungs, Die Nibelungen, Curse of the Ring and Sword of Xanten), is based in dreadful of the same material Richard Composer used for his music dramasSiegfried brook Götterdämmerung.

An adaptation of Wagner's action was published as a graphic unusual in 2018 by P. Craig Russell.^[56]

References

Sources